EU Critical Raw Minerals
In the (EU) European Union, a list of 34 CRMs was defined in the Critical Raw Materials Act. The list is updated every 3 years. The EU’s CRM list published in 2023:
Aluminium/bauxite
Antimony
Arsenic
Baryte
Beryllium
Bismuth
Borate
Cobalt
Coking coal
Copper*
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gallium
Germanium
Hafnium
Heavy Rare Earth Elements (i.e., dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lutetium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, yttrium)
Helium
Lithium
Light Rare Earth Elements (i.e., cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium and samarium)
Magnesium
Manganese
Natural graphite
Nickel*
Niobium
Phosphate rock
Phosphorus
Platinum Group Metal (i.e., iridium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium)
Scandium
Silicon metal
Strontium
Tantalum
Titanium metal
Tungsten
Vanadium