EU Critical Raw Minerals
In the (EU) European Union, a list of 34 CRMs was defined in the Critical Raw Materials Act. The list is updated every 3 years. The EU’s CRM list published in 2023:
Aluminium/bauxite Antimony Arsenic Baryte Beryllium Bismuth Borate Cobalt Coking coal Copper* Feldspar Fluorspar Gallium Germanium Hafnium Heavy Rare Earth Elements (i.e., dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lutetium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, yttrium) Helium Lithium Light Rare Earth Elements (i.e., cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium and samarium) Magnesium Manganese Natural graphite Nickel* Niobium Phosphate rock Phosphorus Platinum Group Metal (i.e., iridium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium) Scandium Silicon metal Strontium Tantalum Titanium metal Tungsten Vanadium